Prabidhik Prahari Nirichhyak Syllabus

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Types of Examination and their Marks

S. No	Exam Stage	Examination Types	Marks
1	First Stage	Written Examination	200
2	Second Stage	Practical	50
3	Third Stage	Interview	30

Lets talk about Prabidhik Prahari Nirichhyak Examination Scheme;

Paper	Subject	Full Marks	Pass Marks	Exam Types	Question No & Marks	Time
First Paper	Computer Related Subject	100	40	Objective	100*1=100	1 hour 15 munities
Second Paper	Computer Related Subject	50	20	Subjective	5*10=50	1 hour 50 munities
Third Third	Nepal Police Service Related	50	20	Objective	10*1=10
				Subjective	1*10=10 (long answer) 6*5=30 (Short answer)	1 hour 50 munities

Let’s See the Exam Topic of Prabidhik Prahari Nirichhyak Syllabus;

1. Computer Networks

2. Computer Architecture & Organization and Micro-Processors

3. Basic Electronics and Digital Design

4. Structured and Object Oriented Programming

5. Data Strucutres

6. Software Engineering Principles (System Analysis and Design “SAD”)

7. Database Management System (DBMS)

8. Operating System (OS)

9. Compiler Design

10. Computer Graphics

11. Emerging Technology and Electives

12. Wireless Communication

1. Computer Networks
   1.1 Protocol stack, switching
   1.2 Link Layer: services, error detection and correction, multiple access protocols, LAN addressing and ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), Ethernet, CSMA/CD multiple access protocol, Hubs, Bridges, and Switches, Wireless LANs, PPP (Point to Point Protocol), Wide area protocols
   1.3 Network Layer: services, datagram and virtual circuits, routing principles and algorithms, Internet Protocol (IP), IP addressing, IP transport, fragmentation and assembly, ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), routing on the internet, RIP (Routing Information Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), router internals, IPv6)
   1.4 Transport Layer: principles, multiplexing and de-multiplexing, UDP, TCP, flow control, principles of congestion control, TCP congestion control
   1.5 Application Layer: Web and Web caching, FTP (File Transfer Protocol), Electronic mail, DNS (Domain Name Service), socket programming)
   1.6 Distributed system, Clusters

2. Computer Architecture & organization and micro-processors
   2.1 Basic Structures: sequential circuits, design procedure, state table and state diagram, von Neumann / Harvard architecture, RISC/CISC architecture
   2.2 Addressing Methods and Programs, representation of data, arithmetic operations, basic operational concepts, bus structures, instruction, cycle and excitation cycle.
   2.3 Processing Unit: instruction formats, arithmetic and logical instruction.
   2.4 Addressing modes
   2.5 Input Output Organization: I/O programming , memory mapped I/O, basic interrupt system, DMA
   2.6 Arithmetic
   2.7 Memory Systems
   2.8 808X and Intel microprocessors: programming and interfacing

3. Basic Electronics and Digital Design
   3.1 Basic Electronics
   3.1.1 Semiconductors, Diodes and Diode Circuits, Transistors,
   3.1.2 Transistor modeling
   3.1.3 Biasing and Amplification
   3.1.4 Small Signal amplifiers and frequency response
   3.1.5 Large signal amplifiers, feedback amplifiers and Oscillators
   3.1.6 Operational amplifiers
   3.2 Digital Design
   3.2.1 Digital and Analog Systems. Number Systems.
   3.2.2 Logic Elements
   3.2.3 Combinational Logic Circuits
   3.2.4 Sequential Logic
   3.2.5 Arithmetic Circuits
   3.2.6 MSI Logic circuits
   3.2.7 Counters and Registers
   3.2.8 IC logic families
   3.2.9 Interfacing with Analog Devices
   3.2.10 Memory Devices

4. Structured and object oriented programming
   4.1 Data types, ADT
   4.2 Operators, variables and assignments, control structures
   4.3 Procedure/function
   4.4 Class definitions, encapsulation, inheritance, object composition, Polymorphism
   4.5 Pattern and framework

5. Data structures
   5.1 General concepts : Abstract data Type, Time and space analysis of algorithms, Big oh and theta notations, Average, best and worst case analysis
   5.2 Linear data structures
   5.3 Trees: General and binary trees, Representations and traversals, Binary search trees, balancing trees, AVL trees, 2-3 trees, red-black trees, self-adjusting trees, Splay Trees
   5.4 Algorithm design techniques: Greedy methods, Priority queue search, Exhaustive search, Divide and conquer, Dynamic programming, Recursion
   5.5 Hashing
   5.6 Graphs and digraphs
   5.7 Sorting

6. Software Engineering principles(System analysis & design)
   6.1 Software process: The software lifecycle models, risk-driven approaches
   6.2 Software Project management: Relationship to lifecycle, project planning, project control, project organization, risk management, cost models, configuration management, version control, quality assurance, metrics
   6.3 Software requirements: Requirements analysis, requirements solicitation, analysis tools, requirements definition, requirements specification, static and dynamic specifications, requirements review.
   6.4 Software design: Design for reuse, design for change, design notations, design evaluation and validation
   6.5 Implementation: Programming standards and procedures, modularity, data abstraction, static analysis, unit testing, integration testing, regression testing, tools for testing, fault tolerance
   6.6 Maintenance: The maintenance problem, the nature of maintenance, planning for maintenance
   6.7 SE issues: Formal methods, tools and environments for software engineering, role of programming paradigm, process maturity and Improvement, ISO standards, SEI-CMM, CASE tools

7. Database Management System
   7.1 Introduction : The relational model, ER model , SQL, Functional dependency and relational database design, File structure
   7.2 Transaction Management and Concurrency Control: Concurrent execution of the user programs, transactions, Concurrency control techniques
   7.3 Crash Recovery : types of failure, Recovery techniques
   7.4 Query Processing and Optimization
   7.5 Indexing : Hash based indexing, Tree based indexing
   7.6 Distributed Database Systems and Object oriented database system
   7.7 Data Mining and Data Warehousing
   7.8 Security Management System

8. Operating System
   8.1 Processes and Threads: Symmetric Multiprocessing, Micro-kernels, Concurrency, Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization, Deadlock.
   8.2 Scheduling
   8.3 Memory Management
   8.4 Input Output and Files: I/O devices and its organization, Principles of I/O software and hardware, Disks, Files and directories organization, File System Implementation.
   8.5 Distributed Systems: Distributed Message passing, RPC, Client/Server Computing, Clusters.
   8.6 Security : Authentication and Access Authorization, System Flaws and Attacks, Trusted system

9. Compiler design
   9.1 The Structure of a Compiler
   9.2 Lexical Analyzer
   9.3 Top down Parsing/ Bottom up Parsing
   9.4 Syntax Directed Translation
   9.5 Types and Type Checking
   9.6 Run-Time Storage Administration
   9.7 Intermediate Code generation
   9.8 Data-Flow Analysis and Code Optimizations
   9.9 Architecture and recent development on compilers

10. Computer Graphics
    10.1 Graphics concepts
    10.2 Input devices and techniques
    10.3 Basic raster graphics algorithms and primitives
    10.4 Scan conversion
    10.5 Graphics hardware
    10.6 2D geometrical transformations and viewing
    10.7 3D geometry and viewing
    10.8 Hierarchical modeling
    10.9 Projections
    10.10 Hidden surface removal
    10.11 Shading and rendering

11. Emerging Technology and Electives
    11.1 Modeling and simulation
    11.2 Parallel and distributed computing
    11.3 High speed networks
    11.4 Artificial Neural Network and Computer Vision
    11.5 Adaptive web technology
    11.6 Software Architecture
    11.7 Distributed Object technology ( ORB, DCOM)
    11.8 Speech signal processing
    11.9 Cryptography and network security
    11.10 E-commerce
    11.11 Software project management
    11.12 Embedded systems
    11.13 Image processing
    11.14 Multimedia
    11.15 Expert system
    11.16 GIS/ Remote sensing/ GPS

12. Wireless Communications
    12.1 Radio frequency band
    12.2 Propagation theory (groundwave, spacewave, tropospheric, ionospheric
    12.3 Mobile Technologies (DECT, GSM, CDMA2000-1x and etc.)
    12.4 Fundamental of satellite communication (tracking, Satellite orbits and Radio spectrum, satellite wave propagation and satellite antennas)
    12.5 Digital satellite communication system
    12.6 Earth stations
    12.7 Kepler’s laws of orbital motion
    12.8 Signal to noise ratio
    12.9 Interference between different wireless systems
    12.10 Antennas (Directional, Non-directional, reflective)
    12.11 Impedance and effective length of antenna as transmitter & receiver
    12.12 Radiation pattern
    12.13 Broad-side pattern

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